In this text, historians and political scientists present a survey of the role and influence of by-elections in British politics since 1918.

A History of British Elections since 1689 represents a unique single-volume authoritative reference guide to British elections and electoral systems from the Glorious Revolution to the present day. The main focus is on general elections and associated by-elections, but Chris Cook and John Stevenson also cover national referenda, European parliament elections, municipal elections, and elections to the Welsh and Northern Irish assemblies and the Scottish parliament. The outcome and political significance of all these elections are looked at in detail, but the authors also discuss broader themes and debates in British electoral history, for example: the evolution of the electoral system, parliamentary reform, women's suffrage, constituency size and numbers, elimination of corrupt practices, and other important topics. The book also follows the fortunes not only of the major political parties but of fringe movements of the extreme right and left. Combining data, summary and analysis with thematic overviews and chronological outlines, this major new reference provides a definitive guide to the long and varied history of British elections and is essential reading for students of British political history.

The second book published in this series carries on from where The Moors Murderers' left off and continues the horrific story of the crimes perpetrated by Ian Brady and Myra Hindley and tells of what happened at their trial in 1966. We see how Brady and Hindley turned on David Smith, the 17-year-old who witnessed them murder Edward Evans and shopped them to the police the following day, by attempting to implicate him in their murders. This led to him being an almost daily victim of assaults by both locals and members of the victims' families. It tells the full story of the depths Myra Hindley went to in order to affect her escape from prison in 1973, how she eventually turned on Ian Brady and how she manipulated her way through her prison sentence until the day she died. It also shows how Ian Brady tormented the families of the victims from his prison cell. It tells the full story of how the body of Pauline Reade was recovered from Saddleworth Moor and also of the search for Keith Bennett, who to this day remains unfound. Printed here for the very first time are photographs of Myra Hindley during her incarceration released to the author from Home Office files held at the National Archives.

This major new reference work provides an authoritative and wide-ranging guide to archive sources now becoming available for British political history since 1945. With a user-friendly layout, the book presents a comprehensive range of 1,500 personal papers from leading statesmen, backbench politicians, writers, campaigners, diplomats and generals which cover the key aspects of British history since of the end of the Second World War. Compiled by an experienced archivist, this comprehensive, easy-to-use and authoritative guide is an invaluable resource for researchers of modern British history.

A History of British Elections since 1689 represents a unique single-volume authoritative reference guide to British elections and electoral systems from the Glorious Revolution to the present day. The main focus is on general elections and associated by-elections, but Chris Cook and John Stevenson also cover national referenda, European parliament elections, municipal elections, and elections to the Welsh and Northern Irish assemblies and the Scottish parliament. The outcome and political significance of all these elections are looked at in detail, but the authors also discuss broader themes and debates in British electoral history, for example: the evolution of the electoral system, parliamentary reform, women's suffrage, constituency size and numbers, elimination of corrupt practices, and other important topics. The book also follows the fortunes not only of the major political parties but of fringe movements of the extreme right and left. Combining data, summary and analysis with thematic overviews and chronological outlines, this major new reference provides a definitive guide to the long and varied history of British elections and is essential reading for students of British political history.

This new publication, a sister volume to the highly-acclaimed Routledge Guide to British Political Archives, provides a wide-ranging survey of the non-governmental archive sources for historians of post-war Europe. It provides, within a single volume, a rich treasure trove of resources drawn from the archives of the member states of the European Union and beyond. These major archive resources range from the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam to the Modern Records Centre at Warwick University, from the European University Institute at Florence to the Archive of Social Democracy near Bonn, from the Feltrinelli Institute in Milan to the Monnet Foundation in Lausanne. The volume also concentrates on providing resources for areas of Europe's modern political past now increasingly attracting serious historical research. They include the initial post-war reconstruction era, the rebirth of social democracy in Germany and Italy, the beginning of European integration, relations with Eastern Europe, the Cold War, decolonisation, the fall of Communism, and so forth. A vital part of the story is represented by the papers of the principal architects of European integration, such as Monnet, Spaak, Spinelli, Mansholt, and so forth. However, the remit of this volume extends far beyond statesmen and politicians. It aims to embrace a wider spectrum of European political activism - from libertarians to environmentalists, economists and human rights activists, campaigners for women's rights, peace activists, anti-globalists, trade unionists, leaders of the student movement, anarchists, federalists and anti-federalists, and a plethora of others. The wealth of information provided here will make this new publication the standard point of reference for students and historians.

The Routledge Companion to Christian History is an indispensable aid for anyone seeking comprehensive coverage of the facts in clear, concise and easy to use language. It covers: all key events in the Christian calendar from the persecution of the Roman Empire to the fall of Communism and the rise of Fundamentalism the impact of Islam, the Crusades, Monasticism, and the spread of popular religious movements cross-cultural coverage; as well as Western Christendom, the Orthodox churches of the East and the 'new' churches of Asia and Africa. Fully cross referenced throughout with a combination of chronologies, glossary and statistics this packed volumes contains everything for the first time student or for anyone revisiting the subject.

This is compact and highly accessible work of reference that covers the broad sweep of events as Europe transformed during the period from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. This companion examines the centuries that saw the Reformation and counter-Reformation, the expansion of Europe and the beginnings of imperialism and enormous changes in the way government and kingship were conducted. With a wealth of chronologies, tables, family trees and maps, this handy book is an indispensable resource for all students and teachers of early modern history.

This is compact and highly accessible work of reference that covers the broad sweep of events as Europe transformed during the period from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. This companion examines the centuries that saw the Reformation and counter-Reformation, the expansion of Europe and the beginnings of imperialism and enormous changes in the way government and kingship were conducted. With a wealth of chronologies, tables, family trees and maps, this handy book is an indispensable resource for all students and teachers of early modern history.

This major new reference work provides an authoritative and wide-ranging guide to archive sources now becoming available for British political history since 1945.

With a user-friendly layout, the book presents a comprehensive range of 1,500 personal papers from leading statesmen, backbench politicians, writers, campaigners, diplomats and generals which cover the key aspects of British history since of the end of the Second World War.

Compiled by an experienced archivist, this comprehensive, easy-to-use and authoritative guide is an invaluable resource for researchers of modern British history.

The Routledge Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century, 1815-1914 is an accessible and indispensable compendium of essential information on the Victorian and Edwardian eras. Using chronologies, maps, glossaries, an extensive bibliography, a wealth of statistical information and nearly two hundred biographies of key figures, this clear and concise book provides a comprehensive guide to modern British history from the end of the Napoleonic Wars to the outbreak of the First World War. As well as the key areas of political, economic and social development of the era, this book also covers the increasingly emergent themes of sexuality, leisure, gender and the environment, exploring in detail the following aspects of the nineteenth century: parliamentary and political reform chartism, radicalism and popular protest the Irish Question the rise of Imperialism the regulation of sexuality and vice the development of organised sport and leisure the rise of consumer society. This book is an ideal reference resource for students and teachers alike.

The Routledge Companion to Modern European History since 1763 is a compact and highly accessible work of reference covering the broad sweep of events from the last days of the ancient regime to the ending of the Cold War, and from the reshaping of Eastern Europe to the radical expansion of the European Union in 2004.
Within the broad coverage of this outstanding volume, particular attention is given to subjects such as:

• the era of the Enlightened Despots
• the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era in France, and the revolutions of 1848
• nationalism and imperialism, and the retreat from Empire
• the First World War, the rise of the European dictators, the coming of the Second World War, the Holocaust, and the post-war development of Europe
• the Cold War, the Soviet Union and its break up
• the protest and upheavals of the 1960s, as well as social issues such as the rise of the welfare state, and the changing place of women in society throughout the period.

With a fully comprehensive glossary, a biographical section, a thorough bibliography and informative maps, this volume is the indispensable companion for all those who study modern European history.

"The Routledge Companion to European History since 1763 "is a compact and highly accessible work of reference. Covering the broad sweep of events since 1763, from the last days of the ancien regime to the ending of the Cold War, from the reshaping of Eastern Europe to the radical expansion of the European Union in 2004.
Within the broad coverage of this outstanding volume, particular attention is given to subjects such as:
* the era of the Enlightened Despots
* the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era in France, and the revolutions of 1848
* nationalism and imperialism, and the retreat from Empire
* the First World War, the rise of the European dictators, the coming of the Second World War, the Holocaust, and the post-war development of Europe.
* the Cold War, the Soviet Union and its break up
* the protest and upheavals of the 1960s, as well as social issues such as the rise of the welfare state, and the changing place of women in society throughout the period.
With a fully comprehensive glossary, a biographical section, a thorough bibliography and informative maps, this volume is the indispensable companion for all those who study modern European history.

This new reference work provides a detailed yet wide-ranging guide to the turbulent events of 20th century Europe.

The European continent saw wars, revolutions and the collapse of empires and a range of leading figures from Stolypin and Stalin to Chirac, Schroder and Putin. This new reference work provides a detailed yet wide-ranging guide to the turbulent events of 20th century Europe. Covers the whole period from Tsarist Russia and Imperial Germany to the Balkan Wars of the 1990s and the final birth of the Euro in 2002. It provides a convenient user-friendly compendium of key facts and figures for the whole of Europe, from the Atlantic to the Urals, and includes information about political, diplomatic, social and economic events and history. Offers biographies of key individuals.

This compact and accessible reference work provides all the essential facts and figures about major aspects of modern British history from the death of Queen Anne to the end of the 1990s. "The Longman Handbook of Modern British History" has been extended to include a fully-revised bibliography (reflecting the wealth of newly published material in recent years), the new statistics on social and economic history and an expanded glossary of terms. The political chronologies have been revised to include the electoral defeat of John Major and the record of New Labour in office. Designed for the student and general reader, this highly-successful handbook provides a wealth of varied data within the confines of a single volume.

Doing more with less is a skill mastered by entrepreneurs. Budgets are tight, deadlines are short, and time is of the essence. Entrepreneurial project managers use these parameters to their benefit. Hurdling over obstacles with the bare minimum of effort makes their projects and teams stand out. Focusing inward to develop the skills and mindset necessary to accomplish anything with anyone sets an entrepreneurial project manager apart from the group. This book builds on the basics of project management knowledge with tools and techniques to get you as well as your projects and teams performing on an advanced level. No matter your industry or experience level, this book gives you practical ways to improve any project. More importantly, it shows how you can improve your own performance. The biggest improvements a project manager can make are about him- or herself. Personal limitations can be the hardest obstacle to overcome, and this book explains how to overcome them. The techniques have been tried and tested by the author who shares them with you in this book. Whether in your projects or career, all the right things can be said and done, yet the results are always unpredictable. We all have little control over events. This book's tools and techniques give you the ability to handle anything that may come your way. Entrepreneurs are constantly changing and adapting to the world around them. They must stay cutting-edge to make their businesses thrive. This book explains how to take a cutting-edge approach to project management. The goal is to take your technical skills as a project manager, add the elements of an entrepreneur, and create a high-powered team around you as well as become the best project manager you can be.

This timely new edition of the "Longman Companion to Britain since 1945" (compiled by the series editors themselves) provides a wide-ranging compendium of key facts and figures on British history from the start of the landmark Attlee government in 1945 to the final years of the 1990s. The book embraces all major aspects of British history, government and society, reflecting the massive social, political and economic changes that have transformed the face of Britain since the end of the Second World War. Fully revised and updated, this new edition covers the advent of Tony Blair, the electoral victory of New Labour in 1997 and the major constitutional changes currently underway in Britain. This book will be invaluable to anyone interested in the history and politics of post-war Britain - from students and teachers to party activists and lovers of reader-friendly reference books.

What happened at My Lai? Panmunjon? The Bay of Pigs? Sharpeville? Bhopal? Where is the Sudetenland? Jutland? The 38th Parallel? Yalta? The Gaza Strip? Very often historical events are linked with location and place. This source book for teacher and student provides informative entries on the many hundreds of places of major historical significance in the 20th century. The entries are worldwide in scope, ranging from Auschwitz to Pearl Harbour, from Tiananmen Square to Entebbe. The work covers all major aspects of the history of the century from diplomatic crises Agadir to famous battles Anzio, Ypres, from world conferences Bretton Woods, Tehran to scandals Chappaquiddick, from massacres Soweto to assassinations Sarajevo, Dallas. This is a guide book for the study of modern history and provides interesting reading.

This compact and accessible reference work provides all the essential facts and figures about major aspects of modern British history from the death of Queen Anne to the end of the 1990s. The Longman Handbook of Modern British History has been extended to include a fully-revised bibliography (reflecting the wealth of newly published material in recent years), the new statistics on social and economic history and an expanded glossary of terms. The political chronologies have been revised to include the electoral defeat of John Major and the record of New Labour in office. Designed for the student and general reader, this highly-successful handbook provides a wealth of varied data within the confines of a single volume.

This timely new edition of the Longman Companion to Britain since 1945 (compiled by the series editors themselves) provides a wide-ranging compendium of key facts and figures on British history from the start of the landmark Attlee government in 1945 to the final years of the 1990s. The book embraces all major aspects of British history, government and society, reflecting the massive social, political and economic changes that have transformed the face of Britain since the end of the Second World War. Fully revised and updated, this new edition covers the advent of Tony Blair, the electoral victory of New Labour in 1997 and the major constitutional changes currently underway in Britain. This book will be invaluable to anyone interested in the history and politics of post-war Britain - from students and teachers to party activists and lovers of reader-friendly reference books.

The twentieth century was one of constant upheaval across Europe. The continent saw wars, revolutions and the collapse of empires and a range of leading figures from Stolypin and Stalin to Chirac, Schroder and Putin. This book provides a detailed yet wide-ranging guide to the turbulent events of twentieth century Europe. Covering the whole period from Tsarist Russia and Imperial Germany to the Balkan Wars of the 1990's and the final birth of the Euro in 2002, it provides a convenient user-friendly compendium of key fact and figures for the whole of Europe - from the Atlantic to the Urals.

One of racing's best loved families, opens up about life in the sport. Michael Scudamore, the patriarch of a racing dynasty, rode in 16 consecutive Grand Nationals including the 1957 renewal, which he famously won on Oxo. Peter Scudamore was a record-breaking eight-time Champion Jockey and now assists his partner Lucinda Russell, with whom they trained 2017 Grand National winner, One For Arthur. Tales from the saddle in the 50s and 60s from Michael make remarkable reading especially interspersed with those from the 80s and 90s from Peter. Tom Scudamore, one of the current leading jockey's, brings experience of riding today and together with stories from his father and grandfather, a fascinating new light is shed on the National Hunt game. This was a unique undertaking involving a unique family and will be a joy to read for every jumps racing fan.

'One of the most relentlessly brilliant studies of twentieth-century Britain ... these young historians have found a marvellous theme and stuck to it. Theirs is the glory!' Professor Arthur Marwick, History The 1930s - remembered as the decade of dole queues and hunger marches, mass unemployment, the means test, and the rise of fascism - also saw the development of new industries, the growth of comfortable suburbia, and rising standards of living for many. In Britain in the Depression, the authors look behind the legends for an objective - and timely - reassessment, as Britain again struggles with the economic and spiritual ills of recession and unemployment.

"The Slump: Britain in the Great Depression" takes an illuminating look back at the 1930s - the decade of depression and economic crisis in the twentieth century.

• Contains a new introduction, framing the historical narrative in the light of recent scholarship and discussing relevant new research
• A substantial final chapter which places the 1930s in historical context and highlights parallels and similarities to the current crisis and others that have occurred since the '30s.
• Statistical tables integrated throughout the text
• Illustrations in a plate section
• A revised and extended bibliography to include major new publications since the last edition

The Routledge Companion to World History since 1914 is an outstanding compendium of facts and figures on World History. Fully up-to-date, reliable and clear, this volume is the indispensable source of information on a thorough range of topics such as: the Arab-Israeli conflict anti-semitism and the Holocaust all the world's major famines and natural disasters since 1914 whether all countries of the world have a king, president, prime minister or other governance GNP of the world's major states, year by year biographies of key figures civil rights movements the Vietnam War the rise of terrorism globalization. Thematically presented, the book covers topics relevant from the First World War to the Iraq war of 2003, and from post-colonial Africa to conflicts and movements in Southeast Asia. With maps, chronologies and full bibliography, this user-friendly reference work is the essential companion for students of history, politics and international relations, and for all those with an interest in world history.